I. Sebopeho sa Lintho Tsa Sehlooho
1. Karolo e thata: Tungsten Carbide (WC)
- Tekano Range: 70–95%
- Thepa ea Bohlokoa: E bonts'a boima bo phahameng haholo le ho hanyetsa ho roala, ka boima ba Vickers ≥1400 HV.
- Tšusumetso ea Boholo ba lijo-thollo:
- Mabele a Mahoatata (3–8μm): Matla a phahameng le ho hanyetsa tšusumetso, ho loketse libopeho tse nang le lehlohlojane kapa li-interlayers tse thata.
- Mabele a Matle/A Ultrafine (0.2–2μm): Ho thatafalloa ho matlafatsa le ho se mamelle, ho loketse bakeng sa libopeho tse senyang haholo joaloka lejoe la lehlabathe la quartz.
2. Binder Phase: Cobalt (Co) kapa Nickel (Ni)
- Tekano Range: 5-30%, e sebetsang e le "sekhomaretsi sa tšepe" ho tlama likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide le ho fana ka boima.
- Mefuta le Litšobotsi:
- Cobalt-E Thehiloe (Khetho e Tloaelehileng):
- Melemo: Matla a phahameng mochesong o phahameng, tsamaiso e ntle ea mocheso, le lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa mochine.
- Kopo: Mefuta e mengata e tloaelehileng le e phahameng ea mocheso (cobalt e lula e tsitsitse ka tlase ho 400 ° C).
- E Thehiloe ho Nickel (Litlhoko tse Khethehileng):
- Melemo: Ho hanyetsa ho bola ho matla (ho hanana le H₂S, CO₂, le maro a nang le letsoai le phahameng).
- Kopo: Libaka tsa khase e nang le asiti, lipolanete tse lebopong la leoatle le libaka tse ling tse senyang.
- Cobalt-E Thehiloe (Khetho e Tloaelehileng):
3. Li-Additives (Katoloso e Nyane ea Boemo)
- Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂): E ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa oxidation le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea karolo ea binder tlas'a maemo a phahameng a mocheso.
- Tantalum Carbide (TaC)/Niobium Carbide (NbC): E thibela kholo ea lijo-thollo le ho matlafatsa boima ba mocheso o phahameng.
II. Mabaka a ho Khetha Tungsten Carbide Hardmetal
| Tshebetso | Molemo oa Tlhaloso |
|---|---|
| Apara Resistance | Bothata bo bobeli ho daemane, bo hananang le khoholeho ea mobu ka likaroloana tse hlabang joalo ka lehlabathe la quartz (sekhahla sa ho roala ka makhetlo a 10+ ho feta tšepe). |
| Impact Resistance | Matla a tsoang ho cobalt / nickel binder phase e thibela ho arohana ho tloha ho thothomela ha likoti le ho otla hanyenyane (haholo-holo lijo-thollo tse mahoashe + le li-cobalt tse phahameng). |
| Botsitso bo Phahameng ba Mocheso | E boloka ts'ebetso ho mocheso oa lesoba la 300-500 ° C (li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt li na le moeli oa mocheso oa ~ 500 ° C). |
| Khanyetso ea Corrosion | Li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel li hanela ho bola ha metsi a cheka a nang le sebabole, a lelefatsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso libakeng tse nang le asiti. |
| Litšenyehelo-Ka katleho | Theko e tlase haholo ho feta taemane/cubic boron nitride, e nang le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso makhetlo a 20-50 ho feta ba li-nozzles tsa tšepe, e fanang ka melemo e felletseng ka kakaretso. |
III. Ho Bapisa le Lintho Tse Ling
| Mofuta oa Boitsebiso | Mefokolo | Maemo a Kopo |
|---|---|---|
| Taemane (PCD/PDC) | brittleness e phahameng, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso e mpe; e theko e boima haholo (~ 100x ea tungsten carbide). | E sebelisoa ka seoelo bakeng sa li-nozzles; ka linako tse ling libakeng tsa liteko tse hlabang haholo. |
| Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) | Ho hanyetsa mocheso o motle empa ho thata ho tlase; theko e boima. | Mefuta e thata ea mocheso o tebileng oa mocheso o phahameng haholo (e seng e tloaelehileng). |
| Lintho tsa Ceramic (Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄) | boima bo phahameng empa bo brittleness bo bohlokoa; ho hanyetsa mocheso o fokolang oa mocheso. | Mokhahlelong oa netefatso ea lab, ha e e-so fokotsoe khoebong. |
| Tšepe e Matla a Phahameng | Ho hanyetsa ho apara ho sa lekaneng, bophelo bo khutšoanyane ba tšebeletso. | Li-bits tsa boemo bo tlase kapa mefuta e meng ea nakoana. |
IV. Litaelo tsa ho iphetola ha Setsebi
1. Material Optimization
- Nanocrystalline Tungsten Carbide: Boholo ba lijo-thollo <200nm, boima bo eketsehile ka 20% ntle le ho senya boima (mohlala, Sandvik Hyperion™ series).
- Sebopeho sa Kereiti ea Mosebetsi: WC e thata-thata ka holim'a nozzle, boima bo phahameng ba lijo-thollo + tse phahameng tsa cobalt core, ho apara ho leka-lekanya le ho hanyetsa ho robeha.
2. Ho Matlafatsa Sefahleho
- Ho roala ka Diamond (CVD): Filimi ea 2-5μm e eketsa boima ba holim'a metsi ho> 6000 HV, e lelefatsa bophelo ka 3-5x (keketseho ea 30% ea litšenyehelo).
- Ho khabisa ka laser: Likarolo tsa WC-Co tse kentsoeng libakeng tse tlokotsing tsa nozzle ho matlafatsa khanyetso ea lehae.
3. Keketseho ea Tlhahiso
- Tungsten Carbide e hatisitsoeng ka 3D: E etsa hore ho be le mokhoa o kopanetsoeng oa litsela tse rarahaneng tsa phallo (mohlala, mehaho ea Venturi) ho ntlafatsa katleho ea hydraulic.
V. Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa Bakeng sa Khetho ea Lintho
| Maemo a Tshebetso | Keletso ea Lintho |
|---|---|
| Libopeho tse hlabang haholo | Fine/ultrafine-grain WC + cobalt e mahareng-tlase (6–8%) |
| Likarolo tse nang le tšusumetso/ho sisinyeha | Coarse-grain WC + cobalt e phahameng (10-13%) kapa sebopeho se hlophisitsoeng |
| Tikoloho e nang le Asiti (H₂S/CO₂). | Sekopanyi se thehiloeng ho nickel + keketso ea Cr₃C₂ |
| Liliba tse tebileng haholo (> 150°C) | Cobalt-based alloy + TaC/NbC additives (qoba nickel e thehiloeng bakeng sa matla a fokolang a mocheso o phahameng) |
| Merero e sa tsotelleng litšenyehelo | WC e tloaelehileng ea lijo-thollo tse mahareng + 9% cobalt |
Qetello
- Puso ea 'Maraka: Tungsten carbide hardmetal (WC-Co/WC-Ni) ke eona e tsebahalang haholo, e ikarabellang bakeng sa >95% ea limmaraka tsa lefats'e tsa drill bit nozzle.
- Koko ea Ts'ebetso: Ho ikamahanya le liphephetso tse fapaneng tsa sebopeho ka litokiso tsa boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa WC, karo-karolelano ea cobalt / nickel, le li-additives.
- Ho se nkeloe sebaka: E ntse e le tharollo e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho leka-lekanya ho hanyetsa, ho tiea, le litšenyehelo, ka theknoloji ea morao-rao (nanocrystallization, coatings) e eketsang meeli ea ts'ebeliso ea eona.
Nako ea poso: Jun-03-2025
